Potential Impact of MicroRNA Gene Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small (18–23 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecules. They regulate the posttranscriptional expression of their target genes. MiRNAs control vital physiological processes such as metabolism, development, differentiation, cell cycle and apoptosis. The control of the gene expression by miRNAs requires efficient binding between the miRNA and their target mRNAs. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have suggested the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with certain diseases in various populations. Gene polymorphisms of miRNA target sites have been implicated in diseases such as cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and Parkinson’s disease. Likewise, gene polymorphisms of miRNAs have been reported to be associated with diseases. In this review, we discuss the SNPs in miRNA genes that have been associated with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in different populations. We also discuss briefly the potential underlining mechanisms through which these SNPs increase the risk of developing these diseases

Reply to Comment: Evaluation of the Association of Omentin 1 rs2274907 A > T and rs2274908 G > A Gene Polymorphisms with Coronary Artery Disease in Indian Population: A Case–Control Study

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death all over the world. CAD is caused by atherosclerosis which is induced by the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the association of certain gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to CAD. Omentin 1 is an adipokine secreted by the visceral adipose tissues and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and enhances insulin sensitivity. In this study, we examined the role of omentin-1 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2274907 A > T and rs2274908 G > A) in CAD. We conclude that the AT genotype and the T allele of the rs2274907 A > T is associated with Cad in the south Indian population. Our results indicated that the rs2274907 SNP may be associated with CAD in this population. This finding needs further validation in well-designed and large-sample size studies before being introduced in clinical settings

Binding free energy values of JME phytocompounds and metformin complexed with human MAPK3 protein.

Binding free energy values of JME phytocompounds and metformin complexed with human MAPK3 protein.</p

Virtual screening results selected phytocompounds of JME docked with the human MAPK3.

Virtual screening results selected phytocompounds of JME docked with the human MAPK3.</p

GC-MS study of phytochemical components in methanol extract of green jackfruit flour.

(DOCX)</p

PPI network of target and disease-related genes constructed using STRING database.

PPI network of target and disease-related genes constructed using STRING database.</p

PASS pharmacological activity prediction of experimental compounds.

PASS pharmacological activity prediction of experimental compounds.</p

Phytochemical profiling of whole green jackfruit flour methanol extract; Phytochemical assessment using HR-LCMS.

Phytochemical assessment using GCMS; Phytochemical assessment using RP-HPLC; References. (DOCX)</p

Identified 11 hit compound ID’s linking with the targets of obesity-linked DM.

The names of the corresponding phytochemicals have been given in Table 1.</p

Graphical representation of binding free energies of protein-ligand complexes.

Graphical representation of binding free energies of protein-ligand complexes.</p